Orthodontics involves the use of devices like braces, aligners, and retainers to correct misaligned teeth, bite issues (e.g., overbite, underbite, crossbite), and jaw irregularities. People of all ages may need orthodontic treatment if they have crooked teeth, crowded teeth, gaps between teeth, or bite problems that affect chewing, speech, or oral health. Orthodontists also address aesthetic concerns, as straighter teeth often improve a person’s smile and confidence.

A dentist provides general oral care—cleanings, fillings, crowns, etc.—while an orthodontist is a dentist with additional specialized training (typically 2-3 years) in diagnosing and correcting teeth and jaw alignment issues. Only orthodontists are fully qualified to design and oversee braces, aligners, and other orthodontic treatments, though some general dentists offer basic orthodontic services like Invisalign after extra training.

The American Association of Orthodontists recommends that children have their first orthodontic evaluation by age 7. At this age, most children have a mix of baby and permanent teeth, allowing orthodontists to identify potential problems early. However, orthodontic treatment isn’t just for kids—adults can benefit at any age as long as their teeth and gums are healthy. Early intervention can prevent more severe issues later, but it’s never too late to improve your smile.

Treatment duration varies depending on the complexity of the case, the type of appliance used (e.g., braces or clear aligners), and the patient’s compliance. On average, treatment with traditional braces takes about 18 to 24 months. Mild cases may take as little as 6 to 12 months, while more complex cases (e.g., severe crowding or jaw misalignment) could take 2 to 3 years. Clear aligners like Invisalign may take a similar amount of time, though some minor corrections can be faster.

Traditional braces use metal brackets and wires attached to the teeth to gradually shift them into alignment. They’re highly effective for complex cases and require adjustments every 4-6 weeks. Invisalign and Spark Aligners, or any clear aligner system,  uses a series of clear, removable plastic aligners to move teeth, offering a more discreet option. Invisalign works best for mild to moderate alignment issues and requires patients to wear the aligners for 20-22 hours per day. Braces are typically more affordable, while Invisalign may appeal to those prioritizing aesthetics and convenience.

Clear braces, often called ceramic braces, use tooth-colored or transparent brackets and sometimes lighter wires, making them less noticeable than traditional metal braces. They work the same way—applying controlled pressure to move teeth—but are more aesthetically appealing, especially for adults or teens. However, ceramic braces can be more fragile, may stain if not cared for properly (e.g., from coffee or smoking), and are typically more expensive than metal braces.

It’s generally not recommended to whiten teeth during orthodontic treatment. With braces, whitening products can’t reach the areas under the brackets, leading to uneven coloring once the braces are removed. For Invisalign, you might technically whiten while wearing aligners, but most orthodontists advise waiting until treatment is complete to avoid sensitivity or inconsistent results. After treatment (and retainers are fitted), professional or at-home whitening is a great way to enhance your new smile.

Braces and aligners don’t cause severe pain, but some discomfort is normal, especially after adjustments or when switching to a new aligner. Patients often describe a feeling of pressure or soreness for a few days as the teeth shift. Over-the-counter pain relievers, soft foods, and orthodontic wax (to cover sharp edges) can help manage discomfort. The pain usually subsides as your mouth adjusts.

Costs vary widely based on location, the orthodontist’s experience, the type of treatment, and the case’s complexity. On average, traditional braces in the U.S. cost between $3,000 and $7,000. Invisalign typically ranges from $3,000 to $8,000. Some dental insurance plans cover a portion of orthodontic treatment, especially for children. Many orthodontists also offer payment plans to make treatment more affordable.

Absolutely! More adults are seeking orthodontic treatment than ever before. Options like ceramic (tooth-colored) braces and Invisalign are popular because they’re less noticeable. As long as an adult’s teeth and gums are healthy, age isn’t a barrier. Orthodontic treatment can even improve oral health by making teeth easier to clean and reducing strain on the jaw.

Yes, you can! For sports, it’s recommended to wear a mouthguard to protect your braces and teeth, especially for contact sports like football or basketball. Custom-fitted mouthguards from your orthodontist work best. As for musical instruments, particularly wind instruments like the trumpet or flute, there may be an adjustment period as your mouth adapts to braces. With practice, most patients can play just as well as before.

Untreated misalignment can lead to several issues, including difficulty chewing or speaking, increased risk of tooth decay and gum disease (due to hard-to-clean areas), excessive wear on certain teeth, and jaw pain or temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. In some cases, misaligned teeth can also affect self-esteem. While not every case requires treatment, consulting an orthodontist can help you understand the risks and benefits for your specific situation.

Yes, orthodontics can address certain jaw alignment issues, such as an overbite (upper jaw protrudes), underbite (lower jaw protrudes), or asymmetrical jaw growth. For mild to moderate cases, braces or aligners combined with appliances like elastics or headgear can guide jaw positioning. Severe jaw misalignments may require orthognathic surgery in collaboration with an oral surgeon, but this is typically only for adults whose jaws have stopped growing. An orthodontist will assess whether your jaw issue can be corrected with orthodontic treatment alone.

In some cases, yes. Orthodontic treatment can improve airway alignment by repositioning the jaw or widening the palate, which may reduce snoring or mild obstructive sleep apnea. For example, a narrow upper jaw can be expanded with a palatal expander in children. For adults, severe sleep apnea might require additional interventions like a CPAP machine or surgery, but orthodontics can be part of a broader treatment plan. Consult both an orthodontist and a sleep specialist for a tailored approach.

Good oral hygiene is critical during orthodontic treatment because braces and aligners can trap food and plaque. Brush your teeth at least twice a day, floss daily, and consider using interdental brushes or a water flosser to clean around brackets and wires. Avoid sticky or hard foods (like gum, caramel, or popcorn) that can damage braces. For Invisalign, clean your aligners regularly and remove them before eating or drinking anything other than water.

To prevent damage to braces, avoid sticky foods (gum, taffy, caramels), hard foods (nuts, hard candies, popcorn kernels), and chewy foods (bagels, tough meats). You should also steer clear of sugary snacks and drinks that increase the risk of cavities, especially since braces make cleaning harder. Cut foods like apples or carrots into smaller pieces instead of biting into them directly. With Invisalign, you can eat anything since the aligners are removable—just brush before putting them back in.

Pregnancy itself doesn’t stop orthodontic treatment, but hormonal changes can increase gum sensitivity or inflammation, making braces or aligners slightly more uncomfortable. If you’re pregnant, inform your orthodontist—they might adjust your plan or delay certain procedures (like X-rays) until after delivery. Good oral hygiene becomes even more critical during pregnancy to prevent issues like gingivitis, which is more common due to hormonal shifts.

Orthodontics is generally safe, but there are minor risks. These include tooth sensitivity, gum irritation, or mild root resorption (shortening of tooth roots), which is usually harmless unless severe. Poor oral hygiene during treatment can lead to cavities or white spots on teeth. Following your orthodontist’s instructions—like wearing appliances as directed and maintaining hygiene—minimizes these risks.

In some cases, yes, but it depends on your bite and alignment needs. Treating only one arch (top or bottom) might work for minor crowding or spacing issues, but if your bite is misaligned (e.g., an overbite), treating both is often necessary to ensure proper function and aesthetics. Your orthodontist will evaluate your specific case to determine if single-arch treatment is feasible.

Minor breakages—like a loose bracket or poking wire—are common and not emergencies. Use orthodontic wax to cover sharp edges and contact your orthodontist for a repair appointment, usually within a few days. Avoid hard foods until it’s fixed to prevent further damage. With Invisalign, if an aligner cracks, switch to the previous or next set (if instructed) and let your orthodontist know. Treatment can usually continue without major delays.

Try to push the sticking wire down with a spoon or an eraser. If it is not possible, place wax or Mack’s ear plugs on it. Or make an appointment and we can clip the wire.

If the band or bracket is still attached to the wire, leave it in place. If uncomfortable, place wax on it. If it comes out completely, wrap it in tissue, and bring it with you next time.

If a separator becomes dislodged and you are able to locate it, you may decide to reposition the separator. You may do so in this fashion. We recommend using two pieces of floss, passing each of them thru the center of the ‘o’ring center of the separator. With a flossing motion, position the center of the separator hole between the teeth from whence it came. If a separator has become partially dislodged, you can remove it using a toothpick and then replace it as above. If you are missing a separator inform the office.

Mack’s ear plugs®: This is one of the items listed above that is available at local drug stores. This product can be helpful for band wind instrument players (clarinets, flutes, trumpets, trombone, etc.)

Morgan bumper®: Some wind instrument players have found this product helpful. Samples of this product are available from our office…just ask for a length to try it out. To purchase a greater volume, you may go online to order from this web site: Click here for the Morgan Bumper Company.
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Jet Tone Lip Protector®: I have good reports from players that like this product. No samples of this are available at our office, and I have no personal experience with it.